San Pedro, Los Angeles

San Pedro
—  Neighborhood of Los Angeles  —
View of San Pedro and Port of Los Angeles
Nickname(s): San Pedro
Location of San Pedro in Los Angeles County, California
San Pedro is connected to Los Angeles by a thin strip of land, called the "Harbor Gateway", which roughly follows the 110 freeway
San Pedro
Location within the Greater Los Angeles Area
San Pedro
Location within Southern Los Angeles
Coordinates:
Country United States
State California
County Los Angeles
Government
 • Type Neighborhood Council
Population
 • Total 86,000
Time zone PST (UTC-8)
 • Summer (DST) PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP codes 90731, 90732
Area code(s) 310/424
FIPS code
GNIS feature ID

San Pedro ( /sæn ˈpiːdroʊ/, not Spanish: [sanˈpeðɾo]) is a port district of the city of Los Angeles, California, United States. It was annexed in 1909 and is a major seaport of the area. The district has grown from being dominated by the fishing industry to become primarily a working class community within the city of Los Angeles.

Contents

Geography

San Pedro is located at (33.73583, -118.29139).[1]

Climate

The district is situated in a Mediterranean climate zone (Köppen climate classification), experiencing mild, wet winters and warm to hot summers. Breezes from the Pacific Ocean tend to keep the beach community cooler in summer and warmer in winter than those in further inland Los Angeles; summer temperatures can sometimes be as much as 18 °F (10 °C) warmer in the inland communities compared to that of San Pedro and other Los Angeles coastal communities. The area also sees a phenomenon known as the "marine layer", a dense cloud cover caused by the proximity of the ocean that helps keep the temperatures cooler throughout the year. When the marine layer lasts for days at a time and extends farther inland during the months of May and June, it is called June Gloom.

History

The site, at the southern end of the Palos Verdes Peninsula, on the west side of San Pedro Bay, was used by Spanish ships starting in the 1540s.

Origin of name

San Pedro was named for St. Peter of Alexandria, a Fourth Century bishop in Alexandria, Egypt. His feast day is November 24 on the local ecclesiastical calendar of Spain, the day on which Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo discovered the bay in 1542 which would become San Pedro. Santa Catalina Island, named after St. Katherine of Alexandria, was claimed for the Spanish Empire the next day, on her feast day, November 25. In 1602–1603, Sebastián Vizcaíno (1548–1624) officially surveyed and mapped the California coastline, including San Pedro Bay, for New Spain.

The Tongva, or Gabrielino, Indians called the San Pedro area Chaaw.[2]

Settlement

European settlement began in 1769 as part of an effort to populate California, although trade restrictions encouraged more smuggling than regular business. Rancho San Pedro is the site of the first Spanish land grant in Alta California, New Spain. The land was granted in 1784 by King Carlos III to Juan Jose Dominguez, a retired Spanish soldier who came to California with the Gaspar de Portolà expedition.

When New Spain won its independence from the Spanish Empire and Alta California became part of Mexico, the trade restrictions were lifted, and the town flourished.

Under United States control after 1848, when the United States defeated Mexico in the Mexican-American war, the harbor was greatly improved and expanded under the guidance of Phineas Banning and John Gately Downey, the seventh governor of California after the Free Harbor Fight. San Pedro has now become the largest port on the West Coast of the United States and the busiest port in the country.

United States Navy Battle Fleet home port 1919–1940

In 1888, the War Department took control of a tract of land next to the bay and added to it in 1897 and 1910. This became Fort MacArthur in 1914 and was a coastal defense site for many years. Woodrow Wilson transferred 200 United States Navy ships from the Atlantic to the Pacific in 1919 when tension arose between the United States and Japan over the fate of China. San Diego Bay was considered too shallow for the largest ships, so the battleships anchored in San Pedro Bay on 9 August 1919. Local availability of fuel oil minimized transportation costs, and consistently good weather allowed frequent gunnery exercises off the nearby Channel Islands of California. The heavy cruisers of the Scouting Force were transferred from the Atlantic to San Pedro in response to the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria. By 1934, 14 battleships, two aircraft carriers, 14 cruisers, and 16 support ships were based at San Pedro. On 1 April 1940, the Pacific Fleet battleships sailed to Hawaii for annual fleet exercises. The battleships remained in the Hawaiian Islands to deter Japanese aggression until the attack on Pearl Harbor. San Pedro remained a popular shore leave port for Navy ships through World War II; but the battle fleet never returned.[3]

Los Angeles annexation

In 1906, the City of Los Angeles annexed the Harbor Gateway, a long narrow strip of land connecting the city to the coast, and in 1909, the city annexed San Pedro and the adjacent town of Wilmington. The odd shape is still seen in the map of the city.

Port of Los Angeles

Main article: Port of Los Angeles

San Pedro, Wilmington, and Terminal Island are the locations of the Port of Los Angeles.

Locations of interest

One San Pedro landmark is the Vincent Thomas Bridge, a 1,500-foot (457 m)-long suspension bridge linking San Pedro with Terminal Island and named after California Assemblyman Vincent Thomas. It is the third longest suspension bridge in California. Nearby is the Los Angeles Maritime Museum, the largest maritime museum in California, as is the museum ship SS Lane Victory, a fully operational victory ship of World War II and National Historic Landmark. There is also the famous "Ports O' Call" tourist destination built in 1963 which provides many interesting shopping venues and a host of unique waterfront eateries.

The Frank Gehry-designed Cabrillo Marine Aquarium had its origins in the old Cabrillo Beach Marine Museum which was located in the historic Bath House at Cabrillo Beach. The Point Fermin Lighthouse, a Victorian-era structure built in the late 19th century, still exists as a museum and park on a bluff overlooking the ocean. The Korean Bell of Friendship is a massive bronze memorial bell donated by South Korea in 1976 to the people of Los Angeles.

The church of Mary Star of the Sea is a prominent landmark with a steeple-top statue overlooking the harbour.

On July 19, 2003, the San Pedro Waterfront Red Car Line was opened, along the waterfront between downtown San Pedro and the Cruise Ship Terminal. This line includes two newly constructed trolleys built to resemble the wood-bodied 500 class cars introduced in 1905 for the Pacific Electric Railway, which once operated more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of track running streetcars and interurbans in Southern California. The 1.5-mile (2.4 km) line operates along former Pacific Electric right-of-way. The line, rebuilt and maintained by the Port of Los Angeles, also has one original restored Pacific Electric interurban, which is used only for special charter excursions and special events. The original car is in fact Pacific Electric 963 (former Los Angeles Pacific 713 as built in 1907) rebuilt by Richard Fellows and renumbered 1058. Discussions have been held to extend the line to the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium. Port of LA Waterfront Red Car Line

Twenty-Eighth Street in San Pedro, between Gaffey Street and Peck Avenue, is the steepest section of public roadway in Los Angeles. For about 50 feet (15 m), the street climbs at a 33.3% angle, although the rest of the street is less steep.[4]

There is also "sunken city" that is just east of Point Fermin where the land literally "sunk" into the sea.[5]

Special events

Demographics

Demographic history

Ethnically diverse, San Pedro was a magnet for European immigrants from various countries for years, reflected in the number of restaurants representing diverse cuisines, especially Croatian, Portuguese, Mexican, Italian, and Greek. San Pedro is home to the largest Italian-American community in Southern California, centered on the "Via Italia" (South Cabrillo Avenue). Estimates state that the community numbers about 45,000 Italian-Americans. San Pedro is also considered the heart of the Croatian and Norwegian communities in Los Angeles. The Croatian community, originally composed of seafarers and fishermen from the Dalmatia (especially the islands of Brač, Hvar, Vis and Korčula) region, has been present in San Pedro since the settlement began more than 200 years ago. The City of Los Angeles even named a stretch of 9th Street "Croatian Place" in honor of the city's old Croatian community. There are reportedly more than 35,000 Croats in San Pedro, making it the biggest Croatian community on the Pacific.[6] The Norwegian presence can be felt at the Norwegian Seamen's Church.

A large portion of San Pedro is also composed of Mexican-Americans, Hispanic immigrants and African-Americans with long-time roots in the community. Much of their populations are based in the older, east side of the community surrounding the downtown area and bordering the Port of Los Angeles.

Until February 1942, San Pedro was home to a vibrant Japanese immigrant community of about 3,000 people who lived in what had been described as a " typical Japanese Fishing Village" on Terminal Island (East San Pedro). These Japanese immigrants pioneered albacore fishing out of San Pedro Bay and harvesting abalone off of White Point, thus leading the way in establishing a viable fishing industry in San Pedro. The 48-hour forced expulsion of these San Pedro residents and the razing of their homes and shops, as part of the Japanese-American internment during World War II, is described in Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston's memoir Farewell to Manzanar.

Demographics (today)

In 2009, the Los Angeles Times's "Mapping L.A." project supplied these San Pedro neighborhood statistics: population: 78,405; median household income: $57,198.

The ethnic composition is 44.6% non-Hispanic white, 4.5% Asian, 6.0% African American, 40.6% Latino and 4.4% belong to other groups. Mexican (31.5%) and Italian (8.4%) are the most common ancestries.[7]

"19,639 (24.5%) of residents are foreign born, low for the city of Los Angeles but about average for the county. Mexico (49.8%) and Italy (4.4%) are the most common foreign places of birth".[7]

"22.8% of residents 25 and older have a four-year degree".[7]

"The median age is 34".[7]

"Average household size is 2.5 people".[7]

"There are 3,393 families headed by single parents. The rate is 17.5%. The percentages of divorced males, divorced females, widowed males and widowed females are among the county's highest".[7]

"There are 6,559 veterans, or 11.0% of the population. The percentage of veterans who served during 1990-99 is among the county's highest".[7]

Economy

At one point Eva Air had its United States headquarters in San Pedro. In 1997 the airline moved its U.S. headquarters to Norwalk, California.[8]

San Pedro also has the Port' O Call Village which is close to the water with many seafood restaurants and art galleries.

Government and infrastructure

Los Angeles City Councilwoman Janice Hahn' office is located on Beacon Street.

The San Pedro Superior Court is located on 6th Street.

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Torrance Health Center in Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles, near Torrance and serving San Pedro.[9]

The United States Postal Service operates the San Pedro Post Office at 839 South Beacon Street and the Eastview Post Office at 28649 South Western Avenue.[10][11] The USPS also operates the Seafarers Post Office at Suite A at 93 Berth in close proximity to the San Pedro Post Office.[12]

The Federal Bureau of Prisons operates the Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island on Terminal Island and in San Pedro.[13]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools

San Pedro is served by the Los Angeles Unified School District. The area is within Board District 7.[14] As of 2008 Dr. Richard Vladovic represents the district.[15]

San Pedro High School, Mary Star of the Sea High School, and the Port of Los Angeles High School are primary senior high schools within the region. San Pedro High School is home to the protected landmarks in the form of The English Language Arts and Administration Buildings (c. 1939, 1936, resp.). The school recently celebrated its 100 year anniversary in 2003. It is home to both the Marine Science and Police Academy Magnet programs. Port of Los Angeles High School is a public charter high school, fusing a college preparatory program with elective coursework in International Business and Maritime Studies. Such studies reinforce the significant impact of California's ports on the global economy and international trade.

As of 2002 test scores tend to be higher in the area's elementary schools than in its middle and high schools.[16]

Primary schools (Grades 1–5)
Secondary schools (Grades 6–12)
Continuation schools

Private schools

Private schools in San Pedro include:

Grades 1–8
Grades 6–12
Grades 9–12

Libraries

Los Angeles Public Library operates the San Pedro Regional Branch Library at 931 South Gaffey. The library offers free Internet access as well as movies and books. A library card is required for any loan. This library was opened in 1983 in the presence of the late Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley.[43]

Churches and community services

San Pedro has Catholic, Baptist (Southern and American Baptist Association), Pentecostal, Episcopal, Lutheran, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish, Presbyterians, Seventh Day Adventists and Hope Chapel congregations. There are also bilingual churches like the Korean Methodist Church on 6th St, the Primera Iglesia Bautista Mexicana (First Baptist Mexican Church) on Centre and Sepulveda, built in 1922. This church is associated with the American Baptist Churches USA.[44] The Hispanic Salvation Army on Bandini Street and also Faro de Esperanza (Lighthouse of Hope) from the Assemblies of God. In San Pedro, some churches give other community services such as free meals, ESL for Hispanics and computer classes. Homeless people may get free meals thru the First Baptist Church on the 500 block on 7th St or the Mary Star of the Sea church on the 800 block. Along 7th St in San Pedro, there are four congregations: the Beth-el Jewish Synagogue, the Holy Trinity Lutheran Church, the First Baptist Church (Southern Association), and the Saints of the Latter Days church (Mormons).

Notable residents

Art
Acting
Music
Politics
Science
Sports
Writers and poets
"San Pedro is real quiet. It used to be a seaport full of whorehouses and bars. I like the quietness. They ask you how you're doing, they really want to know."
"Two days brought us to San Pedro, and two days more (to our no small joy) gave us our last view of that place, which was universally called the hell of California and seemed designed in every way for the wear and tear of sailors. Not even the last view could bring out one feeling of regret. No thanks, thought I, as we left the hated shores in the distance, for the hours I have walked over your stones barefooted, with hides on my head, -- for the burdens I have carried up your steep, muddy hill, --for the duckings in your surf; and for the long days and longer nights passed on your desolate hill, watching piles of hides, hearing the sharp bark of your eternal coyotes, and the dismal hooting of your owls." Excerpt from Two Years Before the Mast [At the time, San Pedro had no dock. Everything had to be loaded onto smaller boats and rowed ashore.]
"In those days it [East San Pedro] was a company town, a ghetto owned and controlled by the canneries. The men went after fish, and whenever the boats came back-day or night-the woman would be called to process the catch while it was fresh. One in the afternoon or four in the morning, it made no difference...I can still hear the whistle--two toots for French's, three for Van Camp's--and she [Mom] and Chizu would be out of bed in the middle of the night, heading for the cannery." Excerpt from Farewell to Manzanar
"The worst times were when he was "on the beach" - on shore, in San Pedro, California, between ships and broke. "I slept in boxcars and under piles of lumber, and took jobs no one else wanted. I was 18 and looked 24. There were several times I went three and four days without eating. I didn't beg or steal, just went without. I'd like to recover for my readers what it's really like to be hungry. I have a penchant for stories about survival, lessons in survival. I've been a survivor most of my life." L'Amour chronicled some of his experiences on the beach in San Pedro in is 1980 book Yondering.."
"Meallet calls the people he grew up with in the Rancho San Pedro Housing Project ' the most wonderful people I ever knew. These kids had to grow up in a constant state of cultural crisis, always reacting to the police, their messed up parents, and neighborhood gang leaders. It takes superhuman strength to get through it and be aware.' "
"Island of the Blue Dolphins, though it is based upon the true story of a girl who lived alone on a California island for eighteen years, came from the memory of my years at San Pedro and Dead Man's Island, when, with other boys my age, I voyaged out on summer mornings in search of adventure."
"It was interesting. San Pedro may have been the last great place to grow up in the L.A. area -- a harbor, a real sense of community, a real Left, even a literary history: Charles Bukowski, Louis Adamic, even Richard Henry Dana stayed [here] for a time. I could ride the ferry across to Terminal Island, hang out at the docks, walk down the harbor among the commercial fishing boats with old Sicilians and Croatians mending their nets, catch crawdads in Averill Park."
"San Pedro was a great place to grow up because it was such a close knit fishing village that helped me develop love for animals and the environment. My connection with nature and animals began at our home near the cliffs of Royal Palms and my professional path began at the Cabrillo Beach Museum under the tutelage of John Olguin. John was the first to put me in front of an audience. As for my writing? In the 9th grade we produced a magazine called, "The Perpetual Wave" and I believe that the article inside the magazine was my first published work.
Film and television
The Infamous

Television

Film

Press

Many city residents subscribe to or purchase the local newspaper, the Daily Breeze. In 2003, it created a weekly, More San Pedro, in the San Pedro Harbor Area. More San Pedro was cancelled in 2008 after the Breeze was purchased by MediaNews Group. The San Pedro News-Pilot, long the area's daily newspaper, ceased publishing in 1998. The News-Pilot traced its history back to 1906; it was created from the merge of the San Pedro Daily News and the San Pedro Pilot. Some of the staff of the N-P were hired by the South Bay Daily Breeze; still covering San Pedro is former News-Pilot reporter Donna Littlejohn. An online community news and social network, called SanPedroNewsPilot.com, is not connected to the original newspaper of a similar name. In 2002, the Long Beach Press-Telegram launched the monthly publication San Pedro Magazine serving the San Pedro and Rancho Palos Verdes areas. San Pedro Magazine was cancelled in December 2008 after the Press-Telegram eliminated their magazine department. In January 2009, a new independently-owned monthly magazine called San Pedro Today[149] debuted. Other papers available for subscription or purchase include the Los Angeles Times and the Long Beach Press-Telegram. San Pedro is also the publishing home of the free left-leaning alternative newspaper, the Random Lengths News.[150]

See also

References

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  73. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1444423/
  74. ^ "THE O.C. Filming Locations: Golf". Seeing-stars.com. http://www.seeing-stars.com/OC/Golf.shtml. Retrieved 2011-03-19. 
  75. ^ "THE O.C. Filming Locations: The Movie Theatre". Seeing-stars.com. http://www.seeing-stars.com/OC/MovieTheatre.shtml. Retrieved 2011-03-19. 
  76. ^ "THE O.C. Filming Locations: Luke's accident scene". Seeing-stars.com. http://www.seeing-stars.com/OC/LukeAccidentScene.shtml. Retrieved 2011-03-19. 
  77. ^ "THE O.C. Filming Locations: Ryan's Fishing Boat". Seeing-stars.com. http://www.seeing-stars.com/OC/FishingBoats.shtml. Retrieved 2011-03-19. 
  78. ^ "THE O.C. Filming Locations: Jimmy's Boat Dock". Seeing-stars.com. http://www.seeing-stars.com/OC/JimmysBoatDock.shtml. Retrieved 2011-03-19. 
  79. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0450212/locations
  80. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0315686/locations
  81. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0285331/locations
  82. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0285333/locations
  83. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0278191/locations
  84. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120575/locations
  85. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086789/locations
  86. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0167567/locations
  87. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0078558/locations
  88. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0046660/locations
  89. ^ Titles with locations including
    San Pedro, Los Angeles, California, USA
  90. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0023238/locations
  91. ^ http://www.imdb.com/titleh/tt0024216/locations
  92. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0027977/locations
  93. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0029322/locations
  94. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0032728/locations
  95. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0081398/locations
  96. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0067065/locations
  97. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071315/locations
  98. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0081375/locations
  99. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088213/
  100. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090180/locations
  101. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094293/
  102. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094006/locations
  103. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095742/locations
  104. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095705/locations
  105. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094894/locations
  106. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096754/locations
  107. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0099810/locations
  108. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0104257/locations
  109. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109444/locations
  110. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0113277/locations
  111. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114069/locations
  112. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114887/locations
  113. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114814/locations
  114. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0112744/locations
  115. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0116361/locations
  116. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117500/locations
  117. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119094/locations
  118. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118708/locations
  119. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118688/locations
  120. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118607/locations
  121. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations
  122. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119567/locations
  123. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120890/locations
  124. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120863/locations
  125. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118715/locations
  126. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0137523/locations
  127. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0187078/locations
  128. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0160127/locations
  129. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0141926/locations
  130. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0203755/locations
  131. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0102510/locations
  132. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0257756/locations
  133. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0264464/locations
  134. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0289765/locations
  135. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0266465/locations
  136. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0308878/locations
  137. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0343660/locations
  138. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0372005/locations
  139. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0805570/locations
  140. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1060277/locations
  141. ^ Warner Grand Theatre
  142. ^ Gary Wayne. "Hollywood on Location (1998)". Seeing-stars.com. http://www.seeing-stars.com/Locations/1998Locations.shtml. Retrieved 2011-03-19. 
  143. ^ "Hancock (2008) - Trivia". Imdb.co.uk. 2009-05-01. http://www.imdb.co.uk/title/tt0448157/trivia. Retrieved 2011-03-19. 
  144. ^ G-Force (film)
  145. ^ "Film locations for (500) Days of Summer (2009)". Movie-locations.com. 2003-11-01. http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/f/500DaysOfSummer.html. Retrieved 2011-03-19. 
  146. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1121931/locations
  147. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1142988/locations
  148. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1013752/locations
  149. ^ http://www.sanpedrotoday.com
  150. ^ http://www.randomlengthsnews.com

External links

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Points of
interest
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